Sarsasapogenin
Sarsasapogenin (SAR) is a steroidal sapogenin. It can provoke the generation of reactive oxygen species and activate unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. SAR potently inhibits NF-?B and MAPK activation, as well as IRAK1, TAK1, and I?B? phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.